This booklet reports on a study that began in 1995 as a collaborative effort between Palestinian, Israeli and Dutch researchers who shared the same hope regarding a peaceful solution to the dispute between Jews and Arabs living in the region. Their collaboration was centred on studying the opportunity to change the prevailing public attitude towards peace and cooperation in one of the issues that captures the essence of the conflict between groups competing for scarce resources – the water issue. Most of the data for this study was collected during 1997-1998. The Netherlands Israel Development Research Programme (NIRP) funded the project. NIRP aims to encourage development-related research focused on socio-economic and cultural change.