Esther Smits
- Department
- Impact Economics
- Title
- Advisor
- Phone
- +31205688214
- e.smits@kit.nl
- Visit LinkedIn profile
Esther Smits is an interdisciplinary social scientist with a focus on environmental and agricultural development. She holds an MSc in Development Economics from Wageningen University & Research and specialises in impact evaluation research. She has experience with quantitative as well as qualitative impact evaluation methods, which she likes to combine in mixed-methods designs.
Her work in quantitative impact evaluations includes randomised controlled trials (RCTs), difference in differences, field experiments and propensity score matching, while her experience with qualitative methods includes interviewing and focus group discussions.
Esther has lived in Ghana, where she worked with Innovations for Poverty Action on a large scale RCT impact assessment study. She also spent three months in Sierra Leone, conducting a mixed-methods research on agriculture and conservation. For KIT, Esther has conducted field work in Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Mozambique, where she facilitated electronic data collection through household surveys
Projects
Publications
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A3-SEED South Sudan: Internal Project Evaluation
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Evaluation
This final report presents a comprehensive evaluation of the A3SEED project (2021–2025), a €10 million initiative funded by the Embassy of the Netherlands in South Sudan and implemented by IFDC in partnership with KIT Institute. The project aimed to transform the seed sector in South Sudan by strengthening domestic seed production through a private sector–led […]
- Year of publication
- December 2025
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Endline Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Report
This endline evaluation assesses the two-year impact of the EnRoute programme, a partnership between ETG–Beyond Beans Foundation, Oxfam Novib, and KIT Institute. The programme set out to test practical, scalable approaches to closing the living income (LI) gap and reducing child labour (CL) among 599 farming households. The programme tested three intervention models among cocoa-farming […]
- Year of publication
- December 2025
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Living Income Benchmark for the Eastern Province and Living Income Reference Price for the cocoa sector in Sierra Leone (2024)
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Study
This study, commissioned by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) as part of its effort to support the cocoa sector in Sierra Leone, compute two important indicators: the Living Income Benchmark (LIB) for the cocoa-growing areas located in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone and the Living Income Reference Price (LIRP) for the cocoa sector. To bridge […]
- Year of publication
- May 2025
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Is seed aid distribution still justified in South Sudan?
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Paper
Seed aid—or free distribution of seeds to farmers—is a popular intervention to simultaneously reduce food insecurity and dependency on food aid in fragile countries. However, seed aid distribution also has the potential to hinder or distort the development of local seed markets. This study analyses the targeting and impact of seed aid across the green […]
- Year of publication
- October 2024
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Climate-resilient aquatic food systems require transformative change to address gender and intersectional inequalities
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Research article
The adverse impacts of climate change on aquatic food systems (AFS) and the people who depend on AFS for livelihood security are inequitably distributed between and within countries. People facing the highest risks and experiencing the severest impacts of climate change are those who already experience multidimensional inequalities in their lives, particularly because of their […]
- Year of publication
- July 2024
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Prices, profit margins and intermediary market power: evidence from the matooke value chain in Uganda
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Research article
There is widespread belief that intermediaries in African agri-food value chains have disproportionate market power. In this paper, the authors examine this belief by uncovering the purchasing and selling prices, costs and profit margins by farmers, intermediaries and retailers in the matooke (cooking banana) value chain in Uganda, and by analysing the prevailing value chain […]
- Year of publication
- 2023
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The role of seed-aid in a protracted crisis context
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Research article
Maize yields in South Sudan are the lowest in East Africa—a gap that has persisted despite 15 years of seed aid, largely because humanitarian agencies have distributed low-yielding imported varieties, creating a seed monopoly in practice. Developing a domestic seed market could introduce better-adapted, higher-yielding varieties, but little is known about what constrains such a […]
- Year of publication
- December 2025
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A gendered aquaculture value chain analysis in northwestern Bangladesh
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Research article
This document presents a value chain study, through an integrated gender lens, of the aquaculture sector in Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions in northwestern Bangladesh. The aim was to generate a knowledge base to inform project interventions as well as provide broad baseline information regarding chain composition and both social (including gender) and economic performance. The […]
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