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Child labour

Articles overview

  • Endline Evaluation

    • Institute
    • Publication

    This endline evaluation assesses the two-year impact of the EnRoute programme, a partnership between ETG–Beyond Beans Foundation, Oxfam Novib, and KIT Institute. The programme set out to test practical, scalable approaches to closing the living income (LI) gap and reducing child labour (CL) among 599 farming households.  The programme tested three intervention models among cocoa-farming […]

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  • Understanding the Income-Child Labour Nexus in Agricultural Commodity Sectors

    • Institute
    • Project

    Child labour remains widespread in agricultural commodities. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where much of the world’s cocoa, coffee and cashew is produced, the number of children in child labour rose from 70 million in 2016 to 87 million in 2024. At the same time, cocoa, coffee and cashew farming families from West and East Africa earn […]

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  • Addressing child labour risks and living income gaps in global value chains

    • Institute
    • Publication

    This policy brief provides practical guidance for companies in the cocoa, coffee and cashew sectors, and beyond, on how to reduce child labour and close living income gaps in their supply chains.

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  • Addressing the income – child labour – gender nexus

    • Institute
    • Publication

    Child labour is a persistent global problem which adversely affects children’s physical and mental well-being. The problem is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa: recent estimates from the International Labour Organisation (ILO, 2024a) reveal an increase in child labourers from 70 million in 2016 to 87 million in 2024. Many of these children work on smallholder […]

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  • The Potential of Landscape Approaches for Addressing Child Labour in the Cocoa Sector 

    • Institute
    • Publication

    This synthesis of six case studies studies the impact of the “landscape approach” and offers recommendations for its design and setup, as this approach – in theory – has the potential to support effective and sustainable action to prevent and address child labour. Based on an operational definition of a “landscape approach” – an approach […]

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  • Living Income and Child Labour in the Cocoa Sector of Côte d’Ivoire

    • Institute
    • Publication

    KIT Working Paper Child labour remains a persistent human rights violation in international commodity supply chains, adversely impacting children’s physical and mental health and depriving them of educational opportunities (UNICEF, 2020). This holds true for the cocoa sector in Côte d’Ivoire; a country that produces 43% of all cocoa worldwide (ICCO, 2022). A nationwide study […]

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  • The potential of landscape approaches for addressing child labour in sustainability programmes in the cocoa sector

    • Institute
    • Project

    KIT Institute is working with the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) to map the initiatives that have taken measures to address child labour in West Africa using a landscape, or an area-based, approach. A landscape approach A landscape approach in a programme is a holistic strategy that addresses complex issues by involving all the stakeholders, recognising […]

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  • EnRoute – To Reduce the Living Income Gap and Child Labour

    • Institute
    • Project

    Low incomes continue to be a root cause of some of the most persistent problems in many agricultural commodity sectors. To find practical, innovative, and cost-effective ways to support cocoa farming households towards Living Income, the Netherlands-based commodity trading company Export Trading Group (ETG) and its sustainability office, the Beyond Beans Foundation (BBF), in partnership with Oxfam Novib […]

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  • Cocoa Knowledge Partner for the Dutch Fund Against Child Labour

    • Institute
    • Project

    The Dutch Fund Against Child Labour (FBK) supports companies to identify and eradicate child labour in their supply chains by sharing best practices, organizing learning events, and advising and financing child labour projects. Because of the strong interest shown by cocoa companies, FBK asked KIT Royal Tropical Institute to be its “eyes and ears” in […]

    Read more : Cocoa Knowledge Partner for the Dutch Fund Against Child Labour